INTRODUCING THE BIBLE
AND
THE THEME OF BOTH THE
OLD AND NEW TESTAMENTS
(COMPILED
FROM THE GOOD NEWS BIBLE)
M P ABRAHAM. IRSE (Retd)
OLD TESTAMENT
(PART- ONE)
I.
GENESIS
This book tells about the creation of the universe the origin of mankind, the beginning of sin
and God’s way of dealing with mankind. The whole book of genesis can be divided
into two parts:-
1. Chapter 1-11
2. Chapter 12-50
The first part deals with the creation, early history of the human race.
It contains the life of Adam & Eve, Cain & Habel, Noah and the flood
and the Tower of Babylon.
The second part also tells the history of our early ancestors of the
Israelites. The first mention is about Abraham whom God liked for his notable
faith and obedience to Him. Thereafter the life of Isaac and his son Jacob
(known as Israel) followed by his twelve
children, founders of the twelve tribes with special mention of Joseph and that events that led Jacob and his other
families to live in Egypt.
The most important feature of this book is that it gives an account of
God’s concern to His creation and his assurance to continue to show his
concern. Although the book God is the main character who judges and punishes
the evil doers and shapes the history. The main purpose of this book is to
record the faith of the people and to sustain that faith alive.
Salient contents:-
1. Creation of
Universe and mankind- Ch.1- 2
2. Period of Adam to Noah- Flood Ch. 4-5-6-10
3. Tower of Babylon & from Shem to Abraham Ch. 11
4. Patriarchs Abraham, Isaac & Jacob Ch. 12-35
5. Descendants of Esau Ch. 36
6. Joseph & his brothers & Israelites in Egypt.
Ch. 37-50
II.
EXODUS.
This book records the important events of the history of Israel, the
departure of Israelites from Egypt. This book can be split into four parts:-
1. Freedom of the Hebrews from slavery
2. Their journey to Mount Senai
3. God’s covenant to his people at Senai which gave
them laws to live by in the matter of
moral, civil, and religious rites to be followed by the priests and people.
Above all it describes the God’s plan to liberate his people and put
them as a free nation.
The central figure in this book is Moses whom god selected to lead the
Israelites from the slavery in Egypt. The most important text in this book is
the Ten Commandments God gave directly to Moses- ( Chapter 20).
Salient contents:
1. Israelites freed from Egypt. Ch. 1-15
2. The Passover and departure from Egypt and from the Red
Sea to Mount Senai. Ch. 15-18
3. The Law and covenant Ch. 19-40
III.
LEVITICUS
This portion of the Old Testament contains the regulations for worship
and religious ceremonies of ancient Israel, God gave to the priests. The main Theme
is the holiness of God and the ways of worshipping God to maintain “The
relationship with The God of Israel”. The key words of this book is the second
commandment “love thy neighbor as thyself”
Salient Contents:
1. Laws on offerings & sacrifice Ch. 1-7
2. Aaron & his sons ordination as priests. Ch. 8-10
3. Rituals and cleanness Ch. 11-15
4. The Day of Atonement Ch. 16
5. Laws on holiness in life and worship. Ch. 17-27
IV.
NUMBERS
This book tells us the story of the Israelites during the forty years
from the time they left Mount Senai until they reached the eastern border of
the Promised Land. The prominent feature of this book is the census that Moses
took at Mount Senai before their departure and also at Moab east of Jordan
after a generation later. In between the Israelites moved to Kadesh Barnea on
the southern border of Canaan, but could not enter the Promised Land. The
people always rebelled against Moses & God. But God protected them amidst
all kinds of disobedience and weakness. Moses stood steadfast in his
leadership.
Salient Contents;
1. Israelites leaving Mount Senai. Ch. 1-9
2. The first census and various Laws and rules. Ch. 5-8
3. Second Passover Ch. 9, 1-23
4. From Mount Sinai to Moab. Ch. 10-21
5. Summary of journey from Egypt to Moab. Ch.22-33
6. Instructions before crossing Jordan River. Ch. 34-36
V.
DEUTERONOMY.
This book deals with series of addresses by Moses to his people in the
land of Moab where they reached at the end of their journey through the
wilderness and was about to enter the Promised Land. The theme of this book is
that God blessed his chosen people. The key word of this book is “Love thy God
with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your strength”.
The writings in this book can be divided into five parts:-
1. Recalling the events in the past 40 years , Moses
appeals to the people to be loyal and obedient to God for his merciful
providence in leading them through the wilderness
2. Moses emphasizes the importance of the first
commandment calling the people to devotion to the Lord alone. He also reviews
the laws that are to govern the life of them in the promised land.
3. Moses reminds the people of the God’s covenant and
calls for them to renew the commitments and its obligations.
4. Joshua’s commissioning as the next leader of the
people of God.
5. Moses dies after singing a song celebrating God’s
faithfulness and blessing the tribes of of Israel.
Salient Contents:
1. Moses’ first and second discourses; Ch. 1-5
2. The Ten Commandments Rulings Ch. 5- -11-26
3. Instructions before entering Canaan Ch. 27-28
4. Renewal of covenant Ch. 29-30
5. Moses’ last words and his death. Ch. 31-34
VI.
JOSHUA
This book narrates the story of the Israelites invasion of Canaan under
the leadership of Joshua. Noteworthy events happen including the crossing of
river Jordan, the fall of Jericho, battle of Ai and the renewal of the covenant
between God and his people. The key words in this book are the passage “Decide
today whom you will serve…As for me and my family we will serve the Lord”
Chapter 24-15.
Salient contents.
1. Conquest of Canaan
& division of land Ch. 1-13
2. East and west of the land of Canaan. Ch. 13-19
3. Cities of refuge and cities of Levites Ch. 20-21
4. The return of the eastern tribes to their territory.
Ch. 22
5. Joshua’s farewell address & renewal of covenant at
Shechem. Ch. 23-24
VII.
JUDGES
This book is composed of the
stories from the lawlessness period of the history of Israel between the
invasion of Canaan and the establishment of Monarchy. These stories are the
exploits of the national heroes called the JUDGES. Most of them military
leaders and not legal judges. One of the well known leaders was Samson whose
brave deeds are recorded in chapter s 13-16. The theme of this book is the
great lesson that Israel’s survival depended on loyalty to God. Even when they
became disloyal still God saved them when they repented and turned towards God.
Salient contents:
1. Events up to the death of Joshua Ch. 1-2, 10
2. The judges of Israel and various incidents during
their reign. Ch. 2-21
VIII.
RUTH
A Moabite woman called Ruth married to an Israelite shows uncommon
loyalty to her mother-in-law and deep devotion to the God of Israel.. When her
husband died she finds a new husband from her former husband’s family and thus
became the Great Grandmother of King David.
Later the Judges were dethroned when the people of God turned against
them. Ruth shows the blessing that came to a foreigner who turned to israel’s
god and Salient contents:
1. Return of Naomi to Bethlehem with Ruth. Ch.1, 1-22
2. Ruth meeting Boaz and their marriage. Ch. 2-4
IX.
1st
SAMUEL
The story of the transition of Israel from the period of Judges to the
Monarchy. This change in the life of Israel revolved around three
men-Samuel-Saul-David.
The Theme like other historical writings is that “faithfulness to God
brings success while disobedience brings disaster. This is clear from the
Lord’s message to the priest ELI in chapter 2-30. “ I will honor those who
honor me and I will treat with contempt those who despise me” The Lord himself was the real king of Israel
but later in response to the request of the people God chose a king for them.
But the important fact was that both king & the people will be under the
sovereignty and judgment of God. Chapter 2, 7-10. The rights of all the people
rich and poor alike were to be maintained under the God’s laws.
Salient contents:
1. Samuel as judge of Israel Ch.1- 7
2. Saul becomes the king Ch. 8-10
3. The reign of Saul & David ch. 11- 15 & 16-30
4. The death of Saul and his sons. Ch. 31
X.
2nd
SAMUEL
The second Samuel runs as a sequel to the first and tells the history of
David as king of Israel first over Judah in south Chapters (1-4) and then over
the entire nation including the north ( Chapters 5-24. It is a clear picture of
David’s reign over the whole nation and the struggles he underwent in
consolidating his position over the foreigners also. David was known for his
deep faith and devotion to God and one who was able to win the loyalty of the
people. But David at times was ruthless and committed terrible sins to satiate
his carnal desires and ambitions. Lord’s
prophet confronted David with his sins and David confessed and accepted the
God’s punishment.
The life and achievements of King David impressed the people of Israel
to that level that later on they wanted a king from the David’s line only.
Salient contents:
1. David’s reign of Judah & over all Israel Ch. 1-4
& 5-24
2. Early years Ch. 5.1-10.19
3. David & Bathsheba 11.1 – 12.25.
4. His troubles
Ch. 12.26-20.26
5. Later years of David Ch 21.1-24.25
XI.
1st
KINGS
The first book of Kings continues the history of the Israelites
monarchy. It can be divided into three parts:-
1. The succession of Solomon as king of Israel and Judah
and the death of his father David.
2. The reign and achievements of Solomon especially the
building of the Temple in Jerusalem.
3. The division of the northern and southern kingdoms and
the stories of the kings who ruled them up to the middle of the 9th
century BC.
The success of each ruler was judged according his loyalty to God.
Idolatry and disobedience on the other hand leads to disaster. The kings of the
northern region failed the test while the southern kings were comparatively
better. Prominent prophet Elijah warned the people not to worship idols and not
to disobey God. The story of the contest with the priests of Ball (Chapter 18)
shows the courage of the prophet Elijah.
Salient contents:
1. End of David’s reign and Solomon becomes king. Ch..1.1
&2. 13-46
2. The Temple is built ch. 5.1-8.66
3. Revolt of the northern tribes Ch. 12.1-14.30
4. Kings of Judah & Israel ch. 14.21-16.34
5. Prophet Elijah & King Ahab Ch. 17.1-22.40
6. Jehoshaphat of Judah & Ahaziah of Israel Ch. 22.41- 53
XII.
2nd KINGS
The story of the second kings starts at the end of the first kings. The
book can be split into two:-
1. The story of the two kingdoms from the middle of the 9th
century BC down to the fall of Samaria
and the end of the northern kingdom 722 BC.
2. The story of the kingdom of Judah from the fall of the
kingdom of Israel down to the capture of
and destruction of Jerusalem by king
Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia in 586 BC
This book ends with the life and work of the Governor Gedaliah of Judah
under the Babylonians and a report on the release of king Jehoiachin of Judah from the prison in Babylon
The key incident in this book is the national disaster that took place
because of the unfaithfulness of the kings and people of Judah and Israel. The
destruction of Jerusalem and the exile of many was one of the great turning
points in the history of Israel.
Salient contents:
1. Divided kingdom Ch. 1.1 – 17.41
2. Prophet Elisha Ch. 1,1-8.15
3. The kings of Judah & Israel & fall of Samaria
Ch. 8.16-17.4& 17.5-41
4. Kingdom of Judah from Hezekiah to Josiah 18.1- 21.26
5. Josiah’s Ch. 22.1-23.30
6. The fall of Jerusalem during the reign of the last
kings of Judah Ch. 23.31 & 25.1-30
XIII. 1ST
CHRONICLES.
The books of Chronicles are mainly a recalling of the events that took
place in Samuel & Kings on a different angle. Two main purposes govern the account of the
history of the Monarchy in Israel are:-
1. To show that God was keeping his promises to the
nation, in spite of the disasters upon the kingdoms of Israel & Judah and
was working out plans through the people of Judah. The great achievements of David and Solomon were influencing
the reforms of Jehoshaphat , Hezikiah and Josiah and also to the people
who remained faithful to God
2. To describe the origin of worship of God in Jerusalem,
and particularly the set up of priests and Levites who carried the
worship. King David is shown as the
founder of the temple and its rituals though Solomon built the temple.
Salient contents.
1. Genealogies and lists. Ch. 1.1-9.44
2. The death of Saul & reign of David Ch. 10.1- 29.30
XIII.
2nd
CHRONICLES
The second Chronicles also is a continuation of the story of the kings
after the death of King Solomon. The accounts confines itself to the history of
the southern kingdom of Judah until the fall of Jerusalem in 586 BC, after the revolt of the northern tribes led by Leroboam against Rehoboam, the son of king Solomon.
Salient contents:
1. The reign of Solomon 1.1-9.31
2. The early years & building of Temple Ch. 1.1- 7.10
3. Later years & revolt of northern tribes Ch. 11- 9.31 & 10.1-19 Jerusalem
4. Kings of Judah & fall of Jerusalem Ch. 11.1-36.13-23
XIV.
EZRA.
Similar to chronicles this book describes the return of some of the
Jewish exiles from Babylon and the restoration of life and worship in
Jerusalem. These events can be presented in two stages:-
1. The return of the first group of exiles from Babylonia
at the order of Cyrus, the Persian emperor.
2. The Temple is rededicated and worship of God restored
in Jerusalem.
3. Years later one more group of exiles return under the
leadership of Ezra, an expert in the Law of God. Ezra reorganized their
religious and social life in order to safeguard the spiritual heritage of Israel.
Salient contents:
1. Return from exile & rebuilding of temple and
dedication 1.1- 2.70, 3.1-6.22
2. Ezra returns with other exiles Ch. 7.1-10.44
XV.
NEHEMIAH.
This book can be split into four parts:-
1. The return of Jehemiah to Jerusalem as per the
orders of Persian emperor, to govern
Judah.
2. The rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem.
3. People’s confession of their sins at the solemn
reading of the Law of God
4. Reign of Nehemiah as governor of Judah.
The notable feature of this book is the description of the deep faith
and dependence of Nehemiah on God and
his continuous prayers to Him.
Salient contents:
1. Nehemiah returns to Jerusalem and rebuilt the walls.
Ch.1.1-7.73
2. Renewal of covenant Ch. 8.1-10.39
3. Detailed activities of Nehemiah Ch. 11.1 – 13.31
XVI.
ESTHER.
The events described in this book are taking place at the winter residence
of emperor of Persia, and center around a Jewish heroine named Esther. Esther by her courage and devotion to her
people, saved them from extermination by their enemies. This book goes in
details of the background and meaning of the Jewish festival of Purim.
Salient contents:
1. Esther becomes queen. Ch. 1.1-2.23
2. Haman’s plot & his death Ch. 3.1-7.10
3. Jews defeat their enemies. Ch. 8.1-10.3
XVII. JOB.
This book narrates the story of a good man suffering total disaster in
life, losing his children and property and afflicted with repulsive disease.
Here is the story of men who suffers through out his life but still keeping his
ardent faith in God and finally restores his heath and properties. Friends of
Job interpreted that all these afflictions are due to the wrath of God as Job
might have sinned against him.. But Job an unusually good and righteous man
could hold on till the end when everything turned favorable to him by the Grace
of God. Job was flame tested by God and
still Job withstood all in true faith and confidence in God whom he surrendered
himself. The key thought in this book is that God gave him back twice the
property Job had earlier.
“Job only had really sensed that
God is greater than traditional religion had depicted Him”. Job died at a very
old age.
Salient contents:
1. Begins with Job & his friends, his complaints,
followed by dialogues with God and his final statement. Ch. 1.1- 3.-31.40
2. The speeches of Elihu Ch. 32-1-37.24
3. God answers Job. Ch. 38.1-42.6
4. Epilogue Ch. 42.7-17
XVIII.
PSALMS.
The book of Psalms is known as the hymn and prayer book of the Bible,
composed of by different authors over a long period of time. These hymns and
prayers were collected and used by the people of Israel in their worship. In
the long run these were included in the Scriptures. These prayers and hymns are
both personal and national. The psalms were used by Jesus as quoted by the
authors of New Testament and became the treasured book of worship of the
Christians.
Salient contents:
1. Book one: Psalms 1-41- True
happiness
2. Book two :
Psalms 42- 72- Prayer of a man in exile
3. Book three :
Psalms 73-89- The Justice of God
4. Book four :
Psalms 90- 106- Of God & Man
5. Book five
: Psalms 107- 150- In Praise of God’s
Goodness
XIX.
PROVERBS
The book of Proverbs is a collection of moral and religious teachings in
the form of sayings and proverbs. Much of the sayings are applicable to the day
to day life. It begins with the reminder to say that – “to have knowledge you
must have reverence for the Lord”. Then it goes on to deal with matters not
only of religious morality but also common sense and manners. It’s many of the
short sayings reveal the insight of ancient teachers about what a wise person
will do in certain situations. Some of these concern family relations, others
business dealings and also matters of etiquette in social relationship and the
need of self control. Importance is given in the qualities like, humility,
patience, respect for the poor, and loyalty to friends and above all Fear of
God.
Salient contents:
1. In praise of wisdom. Ch. 1.1-9.18
2. The proverbs of Solomon 10.1 – 29.27
3. The words of Agur Ch. 30.1- 33
4. Various sayings 31. 1-31
XX.
ECCLESIASTES.
This book contains the thoughts of
“the Philosopher “ who says life is useless in the context of his reflections on how
short and contradictory human life is with its mysterious injustice and
frustrations. He was not able to understand the ways of God who controls the
destiny of human beings. Even in adverse conditions he advises people to work
hard and enjoy the gifts of God throughout their life. Many of the philosophers
appear negative and depressed in their thoughts, but biblical faith is broad
enough to take into account such pessimism and doubts. Many people are relieved
of their problems by seeing themselves in the mirror of Ecclesiastes, and
enhanced their faith in God, as the bible which reflects these thoughts also
offers the hope in God giving a greater meaning in life.
XXI.
THE
SONGS OF SONGS
This is a series of love songs or poems addressed both by man and woman
towards each other. It is also called the book of Solomon often interpreted by
Jews as a picture of relationship between Christ and his people.(Church).
Salient contents:
1. These Six Songs are interpreted by Jews as picturising
of the relationship of God with His people. Ch. 1 - 8
XXIII. ISAIAH
Isaiah, a great prophet lived in Jerusalem in the latter half of the 8th
century BC. This book is divided into three parts:-
1. Chapter 1-39. The period of disturbances due to threat
from the powerful neighbor Assyria. Isaiah found that the real threat in the
life of Judah was not from Assyria, but from their own sin and disobedience to
God and their lack of trust in Him. In clear terms the prophet asks the people
and their leaders to lead a life of righteousness and justice. He also tells
them that if they fail to listen to God, they will be destroyed. Prophet Isaiah
also foretold a time of worldwide peace on the coming of an ideal king as the
descendant of David.
2. Chapter 40-55.During this period many of the people in
Judiah were in exile in Babylon. Isaiah prophesied that god will free them from
bondage and take them to Jerusalem. The notable theme of these is the Chapters is er their missions to the
nations.
3. Chapters 56-66. Mostly deal with the prophets
addresses to all back in Jerusalem and assurance to them about God’s promise
for the righteousness and justice and also for Sabbath observance, Sacrifice
and Prayer. An important passage is Ch.61.1-2 by Jesus at the beginning of his
ministry to express his calling.
Salient contents:
1.
Promises Warnings and punishments. Ch.
1.1-12.6 & 13.1- & hope. Ch. 40.1-55.23.18
2.
God’s
Judgment of the world. Ch. 24.1-27.13
3.
Further
warnings and promises. Ch. 28.1-35.10
4.
Period
of king Hezekiah of Judah and the Assyrians . Ch.36.1-39.8
5.
Messages
of promises & hope. Ch. 40.1-55.13
6.
Repeated
warnings & promises.Ch. 56.1-66.24
XXIV.
JEREMIAH
This prophet lived in the latter half of the 7th century and
the 1st part of the 6th century BC. In his time he was
warning the people of the catastrophe that was to fall upon them because of
their sins. In fact Jeremiah lived to see his prediction come true when the
city of Jerusalem fell to the Babylon king Nebuchanezzar and capture of the Judiah king and many people and their
exile to lemBabylonia.rus Jeremiah foretold the eventual return of the people
from exile and restoration of the nation.
The book of Jeremiah can be divided into five parts:-
1. The call of Jeremiah
2. Messages from God to the people of Judiah and its
rulers during the reign of Josiah, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin and called Zedekiah.
3. Materials from the memoirs of Baruch, Jeremiah’s
secretary including various prophesies and important events from the life of
Jeremiah .
4. Messages from the Lord about various foreign nations .
5. A historical list giving an account of the fall of
Jerusalem and the exile to Babylon.
Jeremiah was a very sensitive person who deeply loved his people and who
hated to see any judgment pronounced on them. In many chapters he spoke with deep emotion about his sufferings
because God called him to be a prophet . He could not resist the word of god
which was like burning fire in his heart. The prophets words in Chapter 31, 31-34
are very important when he predicts about a new covenant that people will keep
without a teacher to remind them as this covenant will be written in their
hearts.
Salient contents:
1. The call of Jeremiah. Ch. 1.1-19
2. Prophecies during the reign of Josiah & Jehoiakim
& others. Ch. 2.1 -25.38
3. Events in Jeremiah’s life. Ch. 26.1-45.5
4. Prophecies against the nations. Ch.46.1-51.64
5. The fall of Jerusalem. Ch. 52.1- 34
XXV. LAMENTATIONS
This is a collection of poems lamenting the destruction of Jerusalem in
586BC and its aftermath of ruin and exile. In spite of the sorrowful nature of
the book there is ray of hope & trust in God and also hope for the future.
These songs are used by the Jewish in service on annual day of fasting and
mourning which commemorate the national disaster in 586 BC.
Salient contents:
1. The sorrows & punishments of Jerusalem. Ch.
1.1-2.22
2. Hope of Jerusalem. Ch. 3.1-66
3. Jerusalem in ruins & prayer for mercy of God. Ch. 4.1-5.1-22
XXVI.
EZEKIEL.
The prophet Ezekiel lived in exile in Babylon during the period before
and after the fall of Jerusalem in 586
BC. This book contains his message to both people in Babylon and those in
Jerusalem. It is divided into six parts:-
1.
God’s
call to Ezekiel as a prophet.
2.
Warnings
to the people about the God’s judgment and the forthcoming destruction of Jerusalem.
3.
Message
from the Lord about his judgment upon the various nations that oppressed and
misled his people.
4.
Future
comfort and brighter period after the fall of Jerusalem.
5.
The
prophecy against Gog.
6.
Ezekiel’s
picture of a restored Temple and nation.
Ezekiel was a
man of deep faith and great imaginations. Many of his insights came in the form
of visions expressed in vivid symbolic actions. He was emphasizing the need for
the inner renewal of the heart and spirit and the responsibility of each person
for his sins. As a prophet and priest he had the special interest to the Temple
and the need for holiness.
Salient
contents:
1.
Call
of Ezekiel Ch. 1.1-3.27
2.
Messages
of doom on Jerusalem. Ch. 4.1-24.27
3.
God’s
judgment of the nations & His promises. Ch. 25.1-37.28
4.
Prophecy
against Gog. Ch. 38.1-39.29
5.
Vision
of the future of Temple & land. Ch. 40.1-48.35
XXVII.
DANIEL
This book of
Daniel was written when the Jews were suffering under the persecution and
oppression of Pagan king. The writer encourages the people of his time with the
hope that God will restore sovereignty to the people of God, through his
stories and visions. This book has two main parts;-
1.
Stories
about Daniel and some of his fellow exiles who through their faith in God
triumph over their enemies.
2.
A
series of visions seen by Daniel in the form of symbols present the successive
rise and fall of several empires beginning with Babylonia and also predict the
fall of pagan king and the victory of God’s people.
Salient
contents:
1.
Daniel,
his friends & visions. Ch. 1.1-11.45
2.
The
four beasts. Ch. 7.1-28
3.
The
ram & the goat. Ch. 8.1-9.27
4.
The
heavenly messenger:.Ch. 10.1-11.45
5.
The
time of the end of world. Ch. 12.1-13
XXVIII.
HOSEA.
The prophet
Hosea preached the word of God in the northern kingdom of Israel after the
prophet Amos during the troubled times before the fall of Samaria in 721 BC.
Hosea was concerned about the idol worship of the people and their
faithlessness in God. He boldly showed this faithlessness in terms of his own
disastrous marriage with an unfaithful woman. Just as his wife Gomer turned out to be
unfaithful to him, so God’s people had deserted the Lord. Yet in the end, God’s
constant love to his people prevailed and he could win the nation back to
himself and restore the relationship. This love is expressed in the moving
words “How can I give you up, Israel? How can I abandon you?. My heart will not
let me do it. My love for you is too strong” ( Ch. 11-8).
Salient
contents:
1.
Hosea’s
family life. Ch. 1.1-3.5
2.
His
messages against Israel. Ch. 4.1-13.16
3.
Messages
of repentance & promise. Ch. 14.1-9
XXIX.
JOEL
A very little
known prophet supposed to have lived in 5th & 4rth BC during the
time of Persian Empire. He describes a terrible invasion of locusts followed by
a devastating draught in Palestine. In these adverse events Joel sees a ray of
hope of the day of coming of the lord. He conveyed the Lord’s call to the people
to repent and that God will send his Spirit to all the people men, women and
old alike.
Salient
contents:
1.
Plague
of locusts. Ch. 1.1-2.17
2.
Promise
of restoration. Ch. 2.18-27
3.
The
day of the Lord. Ch. 2.28-3.21
XXX. AMOS
Amos was the 1st
prophet in the Bible whose message was recorded last. Although he came from a
town in Judah, he preached to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel, about the middle of the 8th
century BC. He noticed that the wealthy people possessed the property and did
injustice to the poor who were under severe oppression. He found that religious
observance was insincere. He very boldly preached that God would punish the
nation and therefore called for justice to flow like a stream, saying that
–perhaps the Lord will be merciful to the people of this nation who are still
left alive.( Ch. 5-15).
Salient
contents:
1.
Judgment
on Israel’s neighbours. Ch. 1.1-2.5
2.
Judgment
on Israel. Ch. 2.6-6.14
3.
Five
visions. Ch. 7.1-9.15
XXXI.
OBADIAH
At the time of
the fall of Jerusalem, in 586 BC, Edom not only rejoiced in its fall, but took
advantage of Judah’s plight to loot the city and help the invader. Obadiah
predicted that Edom will be punished and defeated along with the other nations
who were the enemies of Israel.
Salient
contents:
1.
The
punishment of Edom. Ch. 1-14
2.
The
day of the Lord. Ch.1.15-21
XXXII.
JONAH
Unlike other
prophetic books, Jonah is a narrative description of the adventures of the
prophet who tried to disobey God’s command. God wanted him to go to Nineveh the
capital city of Assyria, the deadly enemy of Israel. But Jonah disobeyed and
started off to Spain, thinking that God will not destroy Nineveh. But after a
series of dramatic events Jonah reluctantly obeyed and finally sulked when his
message did not come true. This book portrays God’s absolute sovereignty over
his nations, but above all it reveals that God is, a God of compassion and
mercy. The key word in this book is “
God forgives even his enemies and saves His people, rather than punishing and
destroying them”.
Salient
contents:
1.
Jonah’s
call and his disobedience. Ch. 1.1-17
2.
Jonah’s
repentance and deliverance Ch. 2.1-10
3.
Jonah’s
message against Nineveh. Ch. 3.1-10
4.
God’s
mercy on Nineveh. Ch. 4.1-11
XXXIII.
MICAH
Micah was a
contemporary of Isaiah .He was convinced that Judah was about to face the wrath
of God and suffer the catastrophe that Amos had predicted for the northern kingdom
and for the same reason God would punish them for the severe injustice of the
people. But Micah gives a message of hope for the future..The key words are
shown in the passage is” The picture of universal peace under God (Chapter-
4.1-4) and the prediction of a great king from the family line of David and
bring peace to the nation” (Chapter-5&6). Micah exhorts the people to do
justice, to show constant love and to live humbly in fellowship with the God.
Salient
contents:
1.
Judgment
on Israel & Judah.Ch. 1.1-3.12
2.
Restoration
of peace. Ch. 4.1-5.15
3.
Messages
of warnings & hope. Ch.6.1-7.20
XXXIV.
NAHUM
The book of
Nahum is a poem celebrating the fall of Nineveh the capital of Assyria. The
fall of Syria is seen as the judgment of God upon the cruel and arrogant nation during the end of 7th
century BC. The theme is the fall of Nineveh as described in chapters 1. 1-15
& 2. 1-3, 19.
Salient
contents:
1.
Judgment
on Nineveh. Ch. 1.1-15
2.
The
fall of Nineveh. Ch. 2.1-3.19
XXXV.
HABAKKUK
The prophet
Habakkuk lived in the end of the 7th BC when the Babylon were in power. He was deeply disturbed by the
violence of these cruel people and asked God “why are you silent while they are
destroying our people” (1-13) . God answered to Habakkuk that He would take
action in due time, and in the meanwhile he will keep those who are righteous
because of their faithfulness.(2-4). Habakkuk prophesied the doom of the
unrighteous. Before concluding he praises the greatness of God.
Salient
contents:
1.
Habakkuk’s
complaints & replies. Ch. 1.1-2.4
2.
Doom
on the unrighteous. Ch. 2.5-20
3.
Habakkuk’s
prayer. Ch. 3.1-19
XXXVI.
ZEPHANIAH
This prophet
preached in the latter half of the 7th BC before the king Josiah’s
religious reforms. This book contains the theme of a “day of doom and
destruction is threatened” when Judah will be punished for their worship of
other gods. Although Jerusalem is doomed it will be restored with humble and
righteous people. The key words are Chapters 1. 1-2,3 Ch: 2. 4-15 & 3. 1- 2’s judgment.0.
Salient
contents:
1.
The
day of the Lord’s judgment . Ch. 1.1-2.3
2.
The
doom of the Israel’s neighbours. Ch. 2.4-15
3.
Jerusalem’s
doom and redemption.Ch. 3.1-20
XXXVII. HAGGAI
The book of
Haggai is a collection of short messages from God through the prophet in 520
BC. Though the people returned from exile still the Temple was in ruins. These
messages urged the leaders of the people to rebuild the Temple. God promises
peace and prosperity very soon to the renewed and purified people. Key words
Chapter 1. 1-15 & Ch: 2. 1-23.
Salient
contents:
1.
The
command to rebuild the Temple. Ch. 1.1 -15
2.
Messages
of comfort and hope. Ch. 2.1-23
XXXVIII. ZECHARIAH
The book of
Zechariah is divided into two parts:-
1.
Chapters.
1-8. 520 & 518 . These are the prophesies of
Zechariah during 520 & 518 bc, in the form of visions and mainly about the
restoration of Jerusalem, rebuilding of the Temple and the purification of the people of God and
to wait for the “ Messianic “age to come.
2.
Chapters
9-14. They are collection of messages about the expected Messiah and the final
Judgment.
Salient
contents:
1.
Messages
of warning & hope. Ch. 1.1-8.23
2.
Judgment
on Israel’s neighbours. Ch. 9.1-8
3.
Future
prosperity and peace. Ch. 9.1-14.21
XXXIX.
MALACHI
This book was written in the 5th BC after
the Temple of Jerusalem was rebuilt. The prophet was very much concerned to see
that the priests and the people renew their faithfulness to the covenant with
God, though laxity and corruption was prevalent in the life and worship of the
people of God. He found that priests and the people were cheating God by not
giving offerings and not living according to God’s teachings. Burt he told them
that God will come and purify His people, sending ahead of him his messenger to
prepare the way and to proclaim His covenant.
Key words are Chapter 1. 1-2, 16 & Ch:2. 17 – Ch:4 ,6
Salient contents:
1.
Messages
of warning & hope. Ch. 1.1-8.21
2.
Judgment
on Israel’s neighbours. Ch. 9.1-8
3.
Further
prosperity. Ch. 9.9=14.21
----------------------END OF OLD
TESTAMENT----------------------------
--------------------------------NEW
TESTAMENT-----------------------------------==
(PART-TWO)
I.
St.
MATHEW
The Gospel of St.
Mathew tells us the good news that Jesus is the promised Savior, the one
through whom God fulfilled the promises he gave to his people without any discrimination
as to Jews or gentiles.
It begins with
the birth of Jesus, his baptism and temptations and then his teaching &
preaching ministry in Galilee. Afterwards the gospel records the journey of
Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem and the events that took place leading to
crucifixion and resurrection. The Gospel highlights the authority of Jesus as a
great teacher interpreting the Law of the God. The teachings of Jesus can be
gathered into five collections:-
1.
The
Sermon on the Mount. Chapter. 5-7
2.
Instructions
to the twelve disciples for their mission in the world.
Chapter -10
3.
Parables
about the Kingdom of Heaven Chapter- 13
4.
Teaching
on the meaning of Disciples for their missions. Chapter-18
5. Teaching on the end of the present age and coming of
the Kingdom of God Chapter- 24-25
Salient
contents.:
1.
Genealogy
and birth of Jesus. Ch. 1.1-2.23
2.
The
ministry of John the Baptist. Ch. 3.1-12.
3.
The
baptism and temptation of Jesus. Ch. 3.13-4.11
4.
Public
ministry of Jesus in Galilee. Ch.4.12 -18.35.
5.
From
Galilee to Jerusalem. Ch. 19.1-20.34
6.
The
last days in and around Jerusalem. Ch. 21,1-27.66
7.
The
resurrection and appearances of the Lord. Ch. 28.1-20.
II.
St. MARK
Here again the author begins with the statement of Good News about Jesus
Christ the son of God. Jesus is pictured as a man of action and teaching with
authority in driving out the devil and forgiving sins of the people. Jesus
himself say that he is the son of man who came to give his life to set free the
humanity from their sins.
Mark presents the life of Jesus in straight forward and vigorous way
with emphasis on what Jesus spoke & did. After a brief prologue about John
the Baptist and Baptism and temptations of Jesus the writer immediately takes
up Jesus’ ministry of healing and teaching
The followers of Jesus slowly come to know and understand him better.
But Jesus’ opponents become more hostile. The closing chapters show the events
that take place in his last week of earthly life, especially his crucifixion
and resurrection. The two endings of the gospel shown in brackets are generally
regarded as written by someone other than St. Mark.
Salient contents:
1. Beginning of the Gospel. Ch. 1.1-13
2. Public ministry of Jesus in Galilee. Ch. 1.14-9.50
3. From Galilee to Jerusalem. Ch. 10.1-52
4. The last days in and near Jerusalem. Ch. 11. 1-15.47
5. The resurrection of Jesus. Ch. 16.1-8
6. Appearances and ascension of the risen Lord. Ch.
16.9-20
III.
St.
LUKE
This gospel presents Jesus as both the promised Savior of Israel and as
the Savior of all mankind. He confirms that Jesus was called by the spirit of
God tp preach the Good News to the poor. This writing of Luke is filled with
the concern of Jesus for the people with all kinds of need. The note of
expression of joy is also present in this gospel especially in the beginning
chapters that announce the coming of Jesus and again at the conclusion when
Jesus ascends to heaven. The story of the growth of Christian faith after the ascension
of Jesus is also told by Luke in the book of Acts. Only in this Gospel special
mention about the songs of the Angels and shepherds ‘visit to the manger, Jesus
in the Temple as boy and the Parables of the Good Samaritan and the Lost Son,
are seen in this Gospel unlike other Gospels. Great importance is given on
prayer, the Holy Spirit, the role of women in the ministry of Jesus and God’s
forgiveness of sins. The key potions in this Gospel are:-
1. Birth and childhood of John the Baptist and of Jesus.
1.5-2.52
2. Ministry of John the Baptist. 3. 1-20
3. Baptism and temptation of Jesus 3. 21-4. 13
4. Jesus’ public ministry in Galilee. 4.14 – 9.50
5. Ministry from Galilee to Jerusalem. 9.51- 19.27
6. The last week in Jerusalem & premises. 19.28-
23-55
7. The resurrection, appearances, and ascension of the
Lord. 24.1-53
IV.
St. JOHN
This Gospel describes Jesus as the eternal Word of God who became a human being to live among us.
After an introduction that identifies the eternal Word of God with Jesus, the
first part of the Gospel presents miracles which show that Jesus is the
promised savior- the Son of God.
This book tell us how some people believed Jesus and followed him, while
others opposed him and refused to believe and accept him as the savior. It
describes the agonies and strains that Jesus underwent during trial and the
last moments ( chapter 13-17) The close
fellowship of Jesus with his disciples are recorded particularly his arrest and the words of encouragement to them on the eve of his
crucifixion and resurrection and appearances to his disciples after the
resurrection.
The striking feature of John is the symbolic use of common things from
everyday life to point out the spiritual realities such as water, bread, light,
the shepherd and his sheep and the grapevine and its fruit.
Salient contents;
1. The Prologue. Ch. 1.1-18
2. John the Baptist and the first disciples of Jesus.
Ch.1.19-51
3. Jesus’ public ministry. Ch. 2.1-12.50
4. The last days in and around Jerusalem. Ch. 13.1-19.42
5. The resurrection and appearances of the Lord. Ch.
20.1-31
6. Epilogue, another appearance in Galilee. Ch. 21.1-25
V.
ACTS.
In fact the Acts of the Apostles is a continuation of what has been narrated
bySt. Luke. Its purpose is to tell how Jesus’ early followers led by the Holy
Spirit spread the Good News in Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria and to the ends of
the world (1-8). It mentions about Christian movements in Jewish people and
went on to become a faith for the whole world. The writer reassures his readers
that Christians were no a subversive political threat to Roman Empire but it
was the fulfillment of the Jewish religion. The book of Acts may be divided
into three parts:
1.
The
beginning of the movements of Christian in Jerusalem following the Ascension of
Christ.
2.
The
expansion into other parts of Palestine.
3.
Further
expansion into the Mediterranean as far as Rome.
The power of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believers is highlighted
particularly upon the believers assembled in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost
and strengthening of faith through fellowship of the believers.
Salient contents:
1. Preparation for the witness. Ch. 1.1 -26
2. Witness in Jerusalem. Ch. 2.1- 8.3
3. Witness in Judaea and Samaria. Ch. 8.4-12.25
4. Ministry of Apostle Paul. Ch. 13.1-28.31
VI.
ROMANS
This letter to the Romans was written to prepare the way for Paul’s
visit to build a church in Rome. He planned to work among the Christians
there for short while and then with
their support to go to Spain. Paul writes to explain his understanding of the
Christian faith and its practical implications for the lives of Christians.
After greeting the people a Rome and telling them of his prayers for them he
states the theme of the letter (Chapter. 1. 17) . Since all are alike under the
power of Sin, both Jews & gentiles and to be put right with God through
faith in Jesus. In chapter 5-8 Paul tells about the Law, its purpose and the
power of the Holy Spirit in the life of the believer. The Apostle concludes
that the Jewish rejection of Jesus is within the Plan of God for bringing
mankind within the reach of God’s grace in Jesus Christ. Finally Paul tells
about the Christian life to be lived for the betterment of others.
Salient contents:
1. Introduction and theme. Ch. 1.1-17
2. Man’s need & God’s way of salvation. Ch. 1.18-4.25
3. The new life in Christ. Ch. 5.1-8.39
4. Israel in the plan of God. Ch. 9.1-11.36
5. Christian conduct. Ch. 12.1-15.13
6. Conclusion and personal greetings. Ch. 15.14-16.27
VII.
1ST
CORINTHIANS
The intention of writing this letter to the
Corinthians was to deal with the problems that have propped up in the Christian
belief in the cosmopolitan city of
Corinth the capital of the Roman
province of Acharia. It was noted for its thriving commerce, proud culture,
widespread immorality and various religions. The apostle’s main concern s were
the setting right of the problems of Christian life and faith, church order,
sex and marriage and the gifts of the Holy Spirit Chapter 13 indicates the
importance of Love as the best gift of God and taken as the Key words of this
letter.
Salient contents:
1.
Factions
in the church. 1.10-4.21
2.
Sexual
morality and family life. Ch. 5.1-7.40
3.
Christians
& Pagans. Ch. 8.1-11.1
4.
Church
life & worship. Ch. 11.2-14.40
5.
The
resurrection of Christ and of believers .Ch. 151- 58
6.
Offerings
of the Christian in Judaea & personal matters and conclusion. Ch. 16.1-4
& 16.5-24
VIII.
2ND
CORINTHIANS
In continuation of the 1st letter Paul writes the 2nd
letter during the difficult period. Some of the members of the church rose
against Paul and his deep spirit of reconciliation for settling the discord
among the believers. In the 1st part of o
Salient contents`:
1. Paul & the church in Corinth.Ch. 1.1-7.16
2. The offerings for the Christians in Judaea. Ch.
8.1-9.15
3. Paul’s defense of his authority as an apostle. Ch.
10.1-13.10
4. Conclusion Ch. 13.11-13
IX.
GALATIONS
This letter to Galatians Paul clarifies the doubts raised by the non
Jews. In order to answer the question among the non Jews as to whether a person
must obey the laws of Moses to become a
true Christian , Paul told them that it was not necessary , but sound faith in
Christ , in which all are counted at par in the eyes of God. But objections
came from those of Asia Minor saying that Moses’law must be followed in order
to be right with God .Paul wrote this letter only to bring back the people who
were misguided by their false teachings. Paul establishes the fact that he was
called by God and not by any human being and that was for the non Jews. In the
concluding chapters Paul shows that Christian faith naturally from the love those
results from the faith in God.
Salient contents:
1. Paul’s authority as an apostle. Ch. 1.1-2.21
2. The gospel of God’s grace . Ch. 3.1-4.31
3. Christian freedom and responsibility. Ch. 5.1-6.10
4. Conclusion Ch. 6.11-18
X.
EPHESIANS
Paul writes this letter to emphasis God’s plan to bring all creations
together with Christ as Head (1-10). He appeals all to join together and live
according to God’s plan through oneness in Christ. Paul develops the theme of unity in the first
part of this letter. He explains the way in which God the father has chosen his
people and forgive them through Jesus Christ. He also says about the guarantee
of the Holy Spirit to those who are in Christ. The importance of Jesus Christ
is highlighted by Paul in the closing chapters of the letter by using figures
of speech to show the oneness of god’s people, like Jesus as head and church as
the body, Christ as corner stone, or like a wife, as husband. Everything is
seen in the light of the Love of Christ, his forgiveness, Grace and Purity.
Salient contents:
1. Christ and the church. Ch. 1.1-3.21
2. The new life in Christ. Ch. 4.1-6.20
3. Conclusion. Ch. 6.21-24
XI.
PHILIPPIANS
This letter is addressed to the first church that paul established in
Europe, in the Roman province of Macedonia.
It was written when Paul was in prison. It was a time of distress for
him as false teachings by other workers in the church at Philippi. But Paul
could breathe a sign of joy as he could restore faith in the people of Philippi
due to his deep faith in God.
Another reason for writing this letter is to thank the Philippians for
the gift they sent to him in the time of need. He tells them to be humble and
not controlled by ambition and pride. He reminds them that their life with
Christ is a gracious gift of God received by faith and not through obedience of
the Jewish law.
This letter is noted for its emphasis on joy, confidence, unity and perseverance
in the Christian faith and life .This shows Paul’s deep affection to the church
at Philippi.
Salient contents:
1. Paul’s personal circumstances. Ch. 1.1-26
2. The life in Christ. Ch. 1.27-2.18
3. Plans for Timothy & Epaphroditus Ch. 2.19-30
4. Warnings against enemies and dangers. Ch. 3.1-4.9
5. Paul & Philippian
friends Ch. 4.10-20
6. Conclusion. Ch. 4.21-23
XII.
COLOSSIANS
St. Paul writes to the church at Colossae, a town in Asia Minor east of
Ephesus. The church established by the workers, sent by Paul were false
teachers who taught people to worship certain spiritual rulers and authorities
to have salvation and imposed restriction in their food habits and other
matters. Paul opposes these rituals and tries to restore them back to the faith
in God through Jesus Christ the savior.
Salient contents:
1. The nature and work of Christ: Ch. 1.1-2.19
2. The new life in Christ. Ch. 2.20-4.6
3. Conclusion. Ch. 4.7-18
XIII.
1ST
THESSALONIANS
St Paul established a church in Thessalonica the capital city of the
roman province of Macedonia, after he left Philippi. Soon there were
oppositions from Jews who were jealous of Paul’s success and his preaching.
Later on, Paul was forced to leave Thessalonica and go to Corinth, where he got
a letter from his personal companion and fellow worker Timothy about the
situation of church at Thessalonica. On receiving this letter Paul wrote this
first letter to Thessalonica to encourage the Christians there. In this letter
Paul explains and answers the doubts
about Christ’s coming again to restore his people to eternal life.d praise
Salient contents:
1. Gratitude and praise. Ch. 1.1 -3.13
2. Exhortation to Christian conduct. Ch. 4.1-12
3. Instructions about the coming of Christ. Ch. 4.13-5.11
4. Final exhortation and conclusion .Ch. 5.12-28
XIV.
2ND
THESSALONIANS
The writer mentions about the confusion in Thessalonica regarding the
second coming of Christ. In this letter he deals with the belief that his second coming had already arrived . but
Paul corrects this idea of the people by telling them that before Jesus returns
all evil and wickedness will reach its peak under the leadership of a
mysterious figure called “ The Wicked one” who will be opposed to Christ.
Paul instills courage in the minds of the believers by saying to be
steady in their faith in spite of troubles and sufferings due to persecution.
Salient contents;
1. Praise and commendation. Ch. 1.1 -12
2. Introduction about the coming of Christ. Ch. 2.1-17
3. Exhortation to Christian conduct.& conclusion.
Ch.3.1-18
XV.
1ST TIMOTHY
Timothy a young Christian from Asia Minor was born to Jewish mother and
a Greek father. He became a coworker to Paul in his missionary works. In his first letter Paul expresses three main
concerns.
In fact he warns against false teaching in
the church based on the belief that only by practicing changes in food habits
also by remaining single without marriage. He advises Timothy to be a good
servant of god by dealing with the believers and non believers carefully.
Salient contents:
1.
Instructions
concerning the church and its officers. Ch. 1.1- 3.16
2.
Advice
to Timothy about his work. Ch. 4.1-6.21
XVI.
2ND TIMOTHY
This letter is a personal one to a younger colleague giving him advice
about endurance in keeping faith and witnessing faithfully and to do his duty
as a true evangelist against all odds. He cautions him from “foolish and ignorant arguments” by quoting
Paul’s own experiences in witnessing Christ in adverse conditions.
Salient contents:
1. Praise & exhortation Ch. 1.1-2.13
2. Counsel and warning. Ch. 2.14-4.5
3. Paul’s own situation and conclusion. Ch. 4.6-22
XVII. TITUS
St Paul writes to his fellow worker Titus who is a gentile convert to
Christianity and who was supervising the works of the church in Crete. Paul
expresses three main concerns:-
1. To maintain exemplary character in Crete to face the
bad people there.
2. Titus was advised how to treat the various groups in
the church especially elderly groups of men & women.
3. Finally he was advised to maintain good conduct with
friendly approach to avoid hatred, arguments and division in the church.
Salient contents:
1. Church officers. Ch. 1.1-16
2. Duties of various groups in the church. Ch. 2.1-15
3. Exhortation & warning and conclusion. Ch. 3.1-15
XVIII.
PHILEMON
Philemon was a prominent Christian in Colossae who owned a slave called
Onesimus. This man ran away from his master and met Paul unexpectedly in the
prison. Through Paul, Onesimus became a Christian. Then Paul writes Philemon to accept him as his brother in
Christ and not to treat Onesimus as a
slave any more.
Salient contents:
1. Praise for Philemon , appeal for Onesimus and
conclusion. 1-25
XVIX. HEBREWS
This letter was written to the Christians who were facing opposition from
the non believers and were almost abandoning their faith. They were encouraged
through this letter showing that Jesus Christ is the true and final revelation
of God. The writer emphasizes three truths.
1. Jesus is the eternal son of God, who was obedient to the Father even in great sufferings . As
the Son of God Jesus is superior to all
the prophets of god, Angels, and Moses.
2. Jesus has been declared by God as an Eternal Priest
superior to all the priests of God.
3. Through Jesus the believers are saved from Sin, fear
and death. Jesus as the High Priest provides true salvation foreshadowing all
the rituals and animal sacrifice of the Hebrew religion.
There is confusion about the author of this book Hebrews. But it is
mentioned in the “King James Version” that St Paul wrote this letter to
Hebrews.
Salient contents:
1. Introducing Christ as the complete revelation of God.
Ch.1.1-3
2. Christ’s superiority over the angels& Moses and
Joshua. Ch. 1.4-4.13
3. Christ’s superiority over priesthood, covenant,
sacrifice .Ch. 4.14-10.39
4. Primacy of faith .Ch. 11.1-12.29
5. Pleasing God. Ch. 13.1-19
6. Closing prayer & final words. Ch. 13.20-25
XIX.
JAMES
This is a collection of practical instructions written by James to all
the people of God scattered all over the world. James uses may figures of
speech to clarify his instructions on practical wisdom and guidance for
Christian’s attitudes and conduct. From the Christian perspective he deals with
variety of topics such as riches, poverty, temptation, good conduct,
prejudice and faith and actions. He also
stresses the use of the Tongue, Wisdom, Quarrelling, Pride, Humility, Judging
others, Boasting, Patience & Prayer.
XX.
1ST PETER
Peter addresses the Christians “the chosen people of god” who were
scattered throughout the northern part of Asia Minor. He wanted to encourage
the readers who were facing persecution and suffering for their faith. He reminded them of Jesus Christ’s death,
resurrection and promised coming and gave them hope. Thus in the light of the
sufferings of Jesus, he wanted his people to accept and endure confidently all
the troubles so that they will be remembered when Jesus Christ is revealed. He
urged them to live as true Christians belonging to Jesus Christ.
XXI.
2ND PETER
In this letter Peter writes to all the Christians spread over to fight
against the false teachings to stop the immorality arising out of such false
teachings. The answer to these problems is to hold on the firm faith in Jesus,
which have been conveyed to all by those who have seen Jesus and heard from
him. Peter was very much worried about the false saying that Jesus will not
come again He emphasized that he
apparent delay is His coming again , only because God does not want to destroy
His creation. But God wants all to run away from their Sins.
XXII. 1ST
JOHN
John had two intentions to write
this letter. Firstly he wanted his readers to live in fellowship with God and
with His son Jesus Christ. Secondly to warn them against following false
teaching that would destroy their fellowship. In opposition to the false
teaching John clearly states that Jesus Christ was a real human being and he
emphases that all who believe in Jesus
and love God must also love one another.
XXIII.
2ND JOHN
This is a
continuation of his first letter to the dis help to other churches sear Lady
and to her children probably meaning the local church and its members. In short
he tells them to love one another and a warning against false teachers and
their instructions.
XXIV.
3RD JOHN
This letter was
written as from the Elder to the church leader Gaius. He praises Gaius for his
help to other churches but warning against a man named Diotrephes.
XXV. JUDE
Similar to the
content in 2nd peter Jude also writes to warn against false
propagation of the teachings of
Christ by those who claimed to be
believers.He exhorts his readers to fight on for the faith which once and for
all God has given to His people.
XXVI.
REVELATION
The revelation
to John was written at a time when Christian were being persecuted because of
their faith in Jesus Christ as Lord. The writer’s main concern is to encourage
the believers and to urge them to remain steadfast in their faith during times
of sufferings and persecution. John spoke in symbolic language all the visions
and revelations, so that people who believed in Christ could understand and to
those not believing remained as a mystery. The theme of this book is repeated
again & again in different ways through many visions. There are differences
of opinion regarding the interpretation of this book of Revelation. The central
theme is clear that God will finally defeat all His enemies include Satan and
reward His people who stood in their firm faith with blessings and a New Earth
and a new Heaven eternally when this victory is complete.
------------------------------------------END-------------------------------------------------
